發(fā)布時間:2016/10/27 17:25:07
First, enterprises and industrial enterprises
(1) Enterprises
Enterprises are engaged in the production of goods, circulation, services and other economic activities, in the market economy in the autonomous, self-financing, according to the establishment of economic organizations, is the basic unit of social economy.
Business is a historical concept. Feudal society and its before, there is no concept of business. Into the capitalist society, run by a single investor or by a number of investors jointly run by the profitability of economic organizations, such as manual workshops, factories, etc., known as the enterprise.
Enterprise is the basic unit of social economy, it is characterized by the obvious economy, specifically:
(1) Enterprises are economic organizations
Enterprises are an economic organization engaged in the production, distribution and service of commodities by means of exchange as the main means and profit as the main purpose.
(2) Enterprises are economic legal persons
Enterprises are legally established, autonomous, self-financing, the implementation of independent accounting of economic organizations, according to the law to enjoy the assets of the right to operate, the right to dispose of and the right to receive legal protection. At the same time, enterprises must also bear the corresponding social obligations, such as legitimate business, environmental protection and so on.
(3) enterprises are the basic unit of modern social economy
According to different organizational forms and operating characteristics, enterprises can be divided into many different types. However, in general terms, whether capitalist or socialist countries, enterprises are the basic unit of a country's social economy, the level of productivity of enterprises, the economic efficiency of the national economy and social prosperity and stability have produced Direct impact. The United States has become the world's economic giant, because it has a large number of high technological level, cost-effective, large-scale enterprises.
(4) enterprises should be market-oriented to development as the goal
Survival of enterprises in a particular environment, the direct environment of modern enterprises is the market to meet the needs of the market is the premise of enterprise survival and development. The market will not change with the will of the enterprise. The enterprise must keep up with the market and adjust the products and business strategy in time to meet the needs of the market. At the same time, although the enterprise is prosperous and bad, but due to set up enterprises to have a great investment, generally no person to start a business is not for short-term profit for the purpose, but hope that enterprises continue to grow and develop, so enterprises should seek long-term survival And the development of long-term value-added assets for the purpose of the enterprise.
(B) industrial enterprises
Enterprises, according to their business content and activities of different ways, can be divided into industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises, transport enterprises, agricultural enterprises, financial enterprises and a number of gates, industrial enterprises is one of the main categories.
The concept of industrial enterprises can be expressed as: the use of enterprise resource elements and conditions in the production and business activities for the market production and the provision of industrial goods and services, in order to obtain profitable legal economic organizations or economic embankment?
This statement emphasizes the following points:
(1) industrial enterprises are resource converters, which through the re-combination of resources to produce new useful commodities.
(2) industrial enterprises must provide commercial goods or services for the market
(3) Industrial enterprises are legal economic organizations
Second, the printing industry enterprises
Printing industry is an important part of the industrial enterprises in the national economy. It produces all kinds of printed materials and publications according to the needs of customers to meet the needs of people in transmitting information, developing and exchanging culture, and constantly improving social material and spiritual life. Compared with the general industrial enterprises, printing industry enterprises (hereinafter referred to as printing enterprises) have the following basic characteristics:
(1) is part of the modern information industry, cultural productivity is an important part
Modern printing enterprises to high-tech means of technology, the use of computers, high-speed printing presses and Postpress and other production systems, production, reproduction and dissemination of graphic image information, its products with timeliness, repeatability, fast transfer and good Visual sensibility.
By the end of 2003, there were 92,400 printing enterprises of all kinds in China and 71200 typewriting units, totaling 163.6 thousand, employing nearly 3 million people.
Among the various types of printing enterprises, there are about 9,950 enterprises engaged in the printing of publications, 31,300 enterprises engaged in packaging and decorating printed materials and 51,150 enterprises engaged in other printed matters.
Among the 92,400 printing enterprises of all types, there are 7,000 state-owned enterprises and 24,000 collective enterprises. There are about 2,200 Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises, about 17,000 limited liability companies, 36,000 private enterprises and other enterprises. 6200 homes.
In all types of printing enterprises, in 2003 the total industrial output value of about 220 billion, accounting for 2% of gross national product.
With the economic development and improvement of people's cultural life, the printing industry is a synchronous advance the development of the industrial field.With the development of the printing industry, the printing industry is a very wide range of applications, all walks of life are inseparable, no one does not, the ubiquitous products.
The printing industry is both a high-tech industry, but also labor-intensive industries. China's large population, the demand for the number of printed materials, the quality requirements are getting higher and higher, and more varieties, small quantities, personalized rapid development trend will promote the rapid development of the printing industry with each passing day. With the advancement of technology, the improvement of management level and the credibility of quality assurance, the Chinese printing industry not only has the ability to serve the Chinese print market, but also gradually expand to global service, the Chinese printing industry will become an important industrial sector in the national economy .
(2) printing enterprises are entrusted to the processing of the enterprise, and some products are services to other theme products
Because of this, the printing industry for a long time attached to the development of other industries and development, which to some extent limit the independent development.
(3) legitimate business and must accept the relevant government departments of industry management
Printing business is the design and reproduction of graphic images, its products are printed publications, packaging and decorating printed materials, advertising materials and securities. Prints, such as yellow publications and illegal publications, counterfeit trademarks, false packaging, false documents, false documents, etc., which are harmful to social security, are not allowed to be printed by means of printing. To this end, printing enterprises must abide by the relevant laws and regulations formulated by the state, legally operate and accept the relevant government departments of industry management.
In August 2000, the State Council of the People's Republic of China promulgated the Regulation on Printing Industry. The regulations stipulate the conditions for the establishment of printing enterprises in China: ① the name and the articles of association of the enterprise; ② the scope of business; ③ the production and operation place and necessary capital and equipment necessary for the business scope; (4) have the appropriate scope of business needs of the organization and personnel; ⑤ the relevant laws and administrative regulations and other conditions.
(4) its products are the embodiment of technology and the integration of art
Printing production of products is both physical products, but also spiritual products, people use it, you can watch it, collect it. Book printing products for the storage and accumulation of human knowledge, so that it passed on from generation to generation and spread to the community in order to meet the needs of social and cultural life, at the same time outstanding books and prints are also valuable works of art, because the image realistic, beautifully printed, with High appreciation and collection value.
Packaging printed matter not only effectively protect the goods, play a "package" and "loaded", also played a "decoration", "decorating" effect. Exquisite packaging print to enhance the impression of the product loan to stimulate the desire of consumers to buy, through art and design and high-fidelity printing, graphic images with accurate description of the content of goods to help consumers choose their own needs for items. Exquisite prints are also valuable works of art, but also a high appreciation and collection value.
(5) pay attention to economic benefits but also pay attention to social benefits
In modern society, any practice can not be isolated in isolation, and will inevitably have to contact with other social practice activities, such social practice activities on the social impact of social life known as the effect. Any kind of printed matter is produced for social services, their production and use, some of the community can have a positive impact, and some have a negative or even harmful effects. The social benefits of printing enterprises refers to the social impact and the development of social progress.
Printing enterprises need to consume a lot of material production and human resources, enterprises in the organization of the production process has a very specific economic objectives, that is, enterprises can obtain economic benefits. Enterprises are independent economic organizations, the economic benefits obtained by enterprises must be calculated by quantitative, can not rely on qualitative analysis, but can not estimate the cage, so the economic efficiency of enterprises is the economic activities of the economic benefits obtained Quantitative performance.
Printing enterprises of economic and social benefits are interdependent relationship between the unity of opposites, sometimes contradictory between the two, but more are complementary. Good economic benefits must be based on the premise of good social benefits, good social benefits must be based on good economic returns, the dialectical unity of the two companies to the production and development into a virtuous circle.
Third, the "fifteen" three years after the development of China's printing enterprises overall goal
In addition to following the general principles, printing enterprises must also be in the Press and Publication Administration under the guidance of macroeconomic regulation and control, combined with the specific circumstances of enterprises to seriously study.
In March 2003, the General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP) issued the Guiding Opinions on the Macro Control of the Total Volume, Structure and Layout of the Printing Enterprises in the Tenth Five Years after the Tenth Five-Year Plan. The main contents are as follows:
1, the guiding ideology
The printing industry is an important part of the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Macroeconomic regulation and control should be conducive to the smooth progress of the cause of building two socialist civilizations, and should follow the following guiding ideology:
(1) Carry out the spirit of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, fully implement the important thinking of the 'Three Represents', adhere to the development as the top priority, take the structural adjustment as the main line and reform and opening up and scientific and technological progress as the driving force , To promote the optimization and upgrading of the printing industry, industrial structure, take a new road to industrialization.
(2) follow the social and economic benefits of the principle of unity through the promotion of the development of the printing industry to achieve the rational distribution of large and small printing enterprises, and effectively solve the problem of low-level redundant construction. We should give full play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of printing resources, improve macro-control measures, strengthen macro-control and correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability.
(3) Adhere to the principles of rectifying and standardizing, supporting the combination of superiority and inferior governance in accordance with the total amount of control, optimizing the structure and classification guidance, strengthening supervision and supervision, and insisting on supervision and management with one hand and prosperity and development with one hand.
2, the main goal
The overall goal of the guidance of macro-control in the three years after the Tenth Five-Year Plan of the Printing Enterprise is: By the end of 2005, by further optimizing the structure, rationalizing the layout, improving the quality and standardizing the management, a competitive and orderly, , Synergy significantly new pattern of the printing industry.
(1) the number of macro-control printing enterprises, focusing on the development of advanced printing productivity.
The number of enterprises in the macro-control printing under the premise of the development of publications printing. At present, the low level of production capacity of the printing enterprises of the printing surplus, lack of high level of production capacity. Therefore, the printing enterprises should focus on the development of advanced printing productivity, such as: the introduction of advanced technology, bonuses to set up large-scale joint ventures, strongly support the technological transformation of printing enterprises, to encourage state-owned printing and publishing enterprise system reform, the establishment of modern enterprise system. It is expected that the number of publications printing enterprises nationwide growth rate of not more than 3% per year, to the end of 2005, the publication of the printing business is expected to be around.
(2) to actively develop packaging and decoration printing.
In the last three years of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, with the development of the national economy and the improvement of the living standard of the broad masses of the people, packaging packaging has become increasingly demanding, in order to adapt to this new situation, packaging and decoration printing development speed should be slightly Higher than the speed of national economic development to meet the development of the national economy and meet the growing social needs of the broad masses of people, packaging and decoration printing business card printing and membership card production enterprises should be compatible with the development of market demand to encourage the development of new products and packaging matching packaging Printing enterprises, to limit low-level redundant construction, in order to ensure the development of packaging and decoration printing enterprise structure is reasonable. The number of packaging and printing enterprises is expected to grow at an annual rate of about 10%, to the end of 2005, packaging and printing business card printing and membership card making business is expected to be around 39,000.
(3) for the market, the development of other printed matter printing.
Other printed matter in the paper printing, document printing should be adapted to the development of market demand. Therefore, the number of other print business is expected to increase the number of annual growth rate does not exceed 3%, to the end of 2005, other printing business is expected to 57,000 or so.
By the end of 2005, the national printing enterprises should meet the requirements of the Interim Provisions on the qualifications of the printing industry operators, the national printing enterprises (excluding copy printing enterprises) is expected to 106000 or so.
At present, printing enterprises in the total industrial output value of about 200 billion yuan, is expected to average annual growth rate of not less than the national economic development rate of 7.7%, to the end of 2005, printing industry annual output value is expected to 250 billion yuan.
3, to further adjust the printing business structure
Irrational structure has been hindering the development of China's printing enterprises, mainly for the low level of repeated the number of enterprises set up too much, the scale of production is too small, a single product structure, labor efficiency is low, many enterprises relatively poor economic performance; high-level fine print production lack of ability. Therefore, we should actively support the advanced technology of large and medium-sized printing enterprises qualifications, and gradually transform and eliminate the production scale is too small, backward technology printing enterprises to promote the technological progress of printing enterprises and management modernization, and constantly promote the printing industry upgrade.
To the end of 2005, so that the total amount of the printing business structure, layout and market demand to adapt to the printing product mix to adapt to market requirements, the basic realization of multi-species, small quantities, high-quality, short-cycle objectives, in particular, do a good job publishing The quality of printed matter management, publications, printed products, printed products, the pass rate to reach 100%, first-class rate to reach more than 30%.
4, to further adjust the geographical layout of the printing business
Layout planning of printing enterprises to prevent the blind construction and free development, from the national and regional overall layout on the overall consideration. Publications Printing enterprises around the layout of the publishing center to ensure that the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have a certain number of direct printing and publishing enterprises. Packaging and decorating printing enterprises, and other business card printing and membership card making business card printing and membership card making enterprises should be taken into account the local population, the number of economies, the printing industry regulatory power, etc., around the economic center layout. Actively promote the development of the western region and guide foreign capital and domestic capital to invest and build printing enterprises in the western region, and actively support the construction of the western region; Value printing industry, and further development of export-oriented economy. In the country initially built a number of financial, industrial and trade as one of the integrated production and development of printing base. By 2005, all kinds of scale, grade, characteristics of the coexistence and complementary printing enterprises, the initial formation of structured, grade opened, features and white, the complementary advantages of the printing pattern.
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